Preliminary Research Proposal

Question: Discuss about thePreliminary Research Proposal. Answer: Introduction Program: Master of Project Management MC 210; Year : 1st Semester 2016 Course: Research Design and Methods BUSM4420 Student Name and Number: Rostand Bongwa s3517641 Research Area: Software Development Methodologies Research Topic: A case study on the waterfall methodology and its relevance The product procedure that is most likely going to be utilized amid the improvement of the undertaking is the Waterfall Model. Its solid focuses lie in the way that it is consecutive, so there would be no disarray on the strides and the procedures are straight down- - no compelling reason to stress over such a large number of conditions while taking a shot at a task. Also, this kind of model tends to pack up on so much documentation. Along these lines, such has a tendency to be helpful for future code modifications and reference. This model accept the prerequisites to stay static amid the life of the venture, so there is next to zero shot of joining new changes to the product once work starts. In the event that progressions are attempted to be fused it prompts more perplexity and further postpones. The waterfall model is a consecutive programming advancement process. Taking after are the periods of waterfall model. Software development methodology is the process of dividing the development of a software or a project into several distinct phases which contain activities with the intention of improved planning and management. It is usually thought to be a subset of the life cycle of system development. This method can include pre defining specific artifacts and deliverables which are developed and finished by a team for the maintenance or development of an application. Several types of frameworks have been developed and have evolved over the course of time, each of them having their own strengths and weaknesses. It is not possible for one type of development methodology framework to be suited for every project. Each of the available frameworks which have been developed over the years is suited to specific types of projects based on various considerations of technology, organization and man power. Some of the most common methods include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development,spiral development,rapid application development,extreme programmingand different types ofagile methodology. There are mainly two different methodologies which are utilized in these processes. One is the Traditional methodology or what is called the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology. The other is the Agile approach of software development. The SDLC methodologies have distinct phases in their life cycle like the Waterfall methodology, while the Agile approaches have a method of iteration, wherein the processes of design, construction and deployment of different sub- sections can take place together. Throughout the years the waterfall model has dropped out of support by numerous product designing task supervisors in light of its absence of readiness and restrictions. More adaptable models have been created, for example, the spry system which is regular among PM's. The proposed examination is going explore whether the waterfall model is out of date and the reasons why it has dropped out of support because of its constraints and alternate choices that have to some degree "suppl anted" the model. This contextual investigation will have an organized procedure and methodology. Fig 1: The Onion Research Model Research philosophy: Our research philosophy is to determine whether the waterfall methodology which was traditionally used for developing software and handling projects is relevant today. Two main ontological frameworks can be utilised in the duration of the research process: The first one is positivism and the second one is constructionism (Monetteet al.2005). These frameworks can be described in different manners (for example empiricism, interpretivism) but essentially, the assumptions underlying the processes are basically similar (Bryman, 2012). Positivism works under the assumption that reality will exist independent of the object being studied. Practically speaking, in any case, this means say that the significance of wonders between subjects is to a great extent reliable (Newman, 1998). Interestingly, constructionism suggests that the fundamental idea of social wonders really in light of the fact that it is made by eyewitnesses (stlundet al. , 2011). This reasoning suggests that we can never assume that what we are watching can be translated similarly crosswise over different members and the most ideal methodology is to inspect contrasts in the respondents' understanding. Research Approaches: The following are the types of research approaches which can be followed. The Deductive Approach The deductive approach fundamentally build up the speculation upon a earlier hypothesis plus the discovery methodology is then planned so as to test it (Silverman, 2013). This methodology is most appropriate in circumstances wherein the exploration venture is based after analyzing whether the watched wonders will in the long run fit with the expectations which have been founded on past examination (Wiles et al., 2011). Because of this property, the deductive methodology can be chiefly apt to the positivist attitude, which takes into account the sketch of theory and the factual testing of projected that outcome would an accredited level of likelihood (SniederLarner, 2009). The Inductive Approach The inductive style is basically a shift from the fastidious to the common (Bryman Bell, 2011). In this methodology, perceptions are the premise for analysts wherein the information is moved through to search for examples (Beiske, 2007). There exists no system that advises the information assembly and the examination hub can in this manner be frame after the information has been collected in this procedure (Flick, 2011). Despite the fact that this may seem, by all accounts, to be the point where new speculations are conceived, it is likewise stands genuine that as the information is dissected can be comprehended to fit into another current hypothesis (Bryman Bell, 2011). This methodology is valuably used in subjective examination, where the nonattendance of hypothesis might be helpful in decreasing the potential for scientist predisposition in the underlying phases of information accumulation (Bryman Bell, 2011). This methodology, in any case, is likewise a solid match which can be utilized as a part of positivist approachs, where the information is broke down first and important examples shape the premise of results. The Quantitative Approach This methodology bargains basically with quantitative information (Flick, 2011). It comprises of a few acknowledged factual norms to demonstrate the legitimacy of the methodology, similar to the quantity of respondents required for the foundation of a measurably huge consequence(Goddard and Melville, 2004). In spite of the reality that this methodology is skilled by a positivist rationality, it can be used to examine a few different angles. The quantitative methodology is most productive where there are an expansive number of answerers available. Hence the information can be adequately measured by using quantitative systems, and factual strategies for examination. The Qualitative Approach The subjective methodology is essentially gotten from the constructivist worldview (Bryman Allen, 2011). This methodology basically require that the scientist ought to withhold from forcing their own recognition upon the respondent (Banister et al., 2011). The inevitable position is to examine how the respondents decipher their own existence (Bryman Allen, 2011). This displays the test of making a system that is cramped by the respondent instead of by the scientist. A powerful technique to accomplish this is by taking meetings, where the reaction can be open (Feilzer, 2010). Subjective exploration is normally utilized for inspecting the significance of social marvels, as opposed to looking for a causative relationship since there are no characterized variables (Feilzer, 2010). Research Strategy The exploration procedure basically manages how the analyst means to do the work (Saunders et al., 2007). The exploration technique may incorporate a few changing methodologies like test examination, activity research, contextual investigation research, interviews, studies, or an orderly writing audit. Test exploration is the methodology of assembly an examination procedure that look at the cost of a test beside the ordinary results (Saunders et al., 2007). It stands valid in every aspect of examination, and for the most part include the attention of a usually set number of elements (Saunders et al., 2007). The affiliation among the variables are examined, and contrasted with the what the normal results of the assessment were Activity exploration is fundamentally a useful means to pact with taking care of scrupulous examination issues within a group of observe (Bryman, 2012). It involves inspecting practice to set up that the finest advance is correspondingly comparable. It generally includes intelligent practice, which as a rule is a precise procedure using which the expert practice and familiarity of the specialists can be surveyed. This type of examination is normal in callings like instructing or nursing, where the specialist can evaluate the distinctive approaches to improve their specialist advance and understanding (Wiles et al., 2011). Contextual investigation is the appraisal of a private unit with the expectation of setting up the key components and drawing speculation (Bryman, 2012). It offers an considerate into the meticulous way of any illustration, and therefore build up the implication of civilization and setting in contrast between cases (Silverman, 2013). This investigation technique is compelling in budgetary inspection. Decisions The decisions which are accessible in the exploration onion integrate the mono strategy, the blended practice, and the multi-technique (Saunders et al., 2007). Mono strategy: It includes utilizing one exploration approach for the study, which is apparent from the name itself. Blended strategy: It require the utilization of two or more strategies for exploration, which generally suggests that subjective and quantitative philosophies must be utilized. Multi-strategy: In multi technique, a more extensive choice of strategies must be utilized (Bryman, 2012). The fundamental variety in the blended and the multi-strategy is that the blended technique is the aftereffect of a joined approach which results in the production of a solitary dataset (Flick, 2011). In the multi-strategy approach the exploration is isolated into dissimilar sections, where every fragment produces a particular dataset; wherein each dataset is broke down utilizing procedures got from either qualitativeor quantitative strategies (Feilzer, 2010). Time Horizons The Time Horizon is the evaluated time within which the chore is required to achieve culmination (Saunders et al., 2007). Two sorts of time skylines are permitted to be utilized within the assessment onion: the cross sectional and the longitudinal (Bryman, 2012). The cross sectional time skyline is a skyline which has been as of now settled, and just the information must be fetched. This is called as "preview" time accumulation, wherein information is collected at one point in time(Flick, 2011). It is basically used in examinations which are worried with the examination of a explicit spectacle in a state of time. The longitudinal time skyline for information accretion implies that the assembly of information must be performed more than once over a developed timeframe, and is utilized where a critical part of the exploration is to see the varieties in an undertaking over a timeframe (Goddard and Melville, 2004). This permits the investigation of progress and advancement. The time skyline which is chosen for a venture does not rely on upon a particular examination methodology or approach (Saunders et al., 2007). Information Collection and Analysis Information gathering and investigation relies on the methodological methodology utilized (Bryman, 2012). The procedure chose at this phase pses a huge commitment to the general unwavering quality and legitimacy of the study(Saunders et al., 2007). Regardless of the used advance, the kind of information collected can be isolated into two sorts: essential information and optional information. The Primary Data Essential information is what is gotten from straight source. This can be express sources got from verifiable archives, or the information which is gotten from the respondents in overview or meeting information (Bryman, 2012). Information got from the analysis or study is not as a matter of course essential information the information got from a measurable collection like statistics constitutes essential information. In like manner, information which has been sourced from different assets likewise can be termed as vital information (Flick, 2011). Vital information is finest comprehend as the information that is being bust down, regardless of the source from where it was obtained. Optional Data Optional information is what is gotten from the work or conclusions of different scientists (Newman, 1998). The decision of an exploration object can comprise voluntary information since it is fundamentally data that was handled by another person. So also, investigations of measurable reviews or other information can be termed auxiliary information (Kothari, 2004). The quantity to which information is characterized is restricted by its employment, as divergent to the intrinsic way of the information itself(Flick, 2011). Research Design Research design is basically a explanation of how the examine method is expected to be performed. It is basically a skeleton which explains the reasons and the requirements that caused the adoption of a specific methodology, how the selection of respondents was performed, and how the analysis of data will be done (Flick, 2011). Several different research designs exist. They are called descriptive, explanatory, and the exploratory. The descriptive design basically reflects the experiences of respondents who participated in the study. It is closely related to ethnographic studies, but is also appropriate for use in a quantitative framework. The explanatory design essentially focuses on the effective explanation of population characteristics or social phenomenon observed at a point in time. It appears to be effective in a quantitative framework wherein the influences of variables on each other can be properly recognized (Kothari, 2004). The exploratory study is basically the exploration of an issue which occurs before there is sufficient knowledge to perform a formulaic research project. It is typically used in order to further research in a subject area (Neuman, 2003). Samples An example is a fragment which is illustrative of a bigger populace (Bryman, 2012). At the point when quantitative exploration is done, the specimen size and how it is chosen is utilized to build up the unwavering quality of the consequences of the study. With regards to subjective examination, in any case, the specimen attributes are still imperative, however littler examples are utilized. Test Size The term test size shows the quantity of respondents who are chosen from the populace that are utilize as a part of the examination (Newman, 1998). With regards to quantitative exploration, the span of the example is a fundamental necessity in settling on the dependability of the outcomes got in a study. Much of the time, bigger example sizesgreatly enhance the unwavering quality of the outcomes (Flick, 2011). On account of subjective examination, size of the example is less essential, and idea of representativeness is not an extremely solid rule to legitimize legitimacy of the exploration. Testing Techniques Testing strategies are the techniques in which proper specimen size is acquired or settled on for the study (Bryman, 2012). There are a few acknowledged systems that can be utilized. An arbitrary specimen demonstrates people inside a bigger populace picked haphazardly. Be that as it may, this outcomes in irregular dispersion, which can suggest critical skewing because of the arbitrary way of test choice (Neuman, 2003). For instance, in a specific study, an arbitrary specimen may bring about the derivation that more guys are spoken to in an example where the dispersion ought to hypothetically be equivalent, or it might bring about unequal dissemination crosswise over different ages. In such cases, test may grew such that it is guaranteed that the delegates of the populace in the example mirror the huge demographics of the more extensive populace, perhaps to ensure that the demographic qualities of age and sexual orientation are reflected appropriately in the chose test (Newman, 1998). A comfort test implies where the example is gotten from inside a current system, for example, a school, school or college, when the courses in which respondents can be enlisted is nearly clear. This strategy is esteemed fitting if there is a study that is worried with the perspectives of understudies or offspring of a specific age bunch. The above points with regards to research methods will be kept in mind while working on this research to ensure that the standards of quality research are met and that there is no bias involved in reaching the conclusion of this study. These guidelines ensure that the research is properly conducted, analyzed and presented to increase the value it provides to the scientific world at large. Proposed Research title Project title: A case study on the waterfall methodology and its relevance Working title: Is the waterfall process still important to software development life cycle model. Key Information search words: 1. Understating software development life cycles Problems with the waterfall model The pros and cons of waterfall methodology The alternatives to the waterfall model Review of Literature Industry Problem: The waterfall model is an ordered programming improvement process, in which advance is seen as streaming downwards like a waterfall, the model was initially presented by Herbert D. Bennington in June 1952. However, the first formal description of this model was cited to an article published by Winston Royce in 1970, though he did not explicitly use the name. The basic skeletal structure was defined thus by Royce: The project is divided sequentially into phases with some degree of overlap and splash back Emphasis was placed on planning, timing of schedules, targets, budget and implementation of the whole system in one go. Maintenance of control via extensive documentation, reviews, approvals by in- charge authorities etc. Iteration is done by first creating the prototype and then the actual system. The modern waterfall method follows almost all the above steps except for iteration because it results in waste of resources and is not conducive to win projects. The modern waterfall method in Software Engineering essentially contains the following phases: Engineering essentially contains the following phases: Fig 2: The Waterfall Methodology Requirement Analysis : All the desired requirements of the system are captured in the products requirement document and results in schema and models Software Design: The requirement specifications are studied and the design of the system is developed. This helps in specifying and deciding upon hardware and system requirements and defines the system architecture on the whole. Implementation: Taking inputs from the system design process, the system is initially developed in small bits of programs called units, which are then integrated in later phases. Testing: Every developed unit is tested extensively to determine any faults or failures. Integration: Once the testing has been performed satisfactorily, the units are integrated into the system and tested again as a whole. Deployment: Once the testing has been performed satisfactorily, the product is deployed Maintenance: To sort out the issues which arise later, patches or better versions are periodically released which again follow the above process. Applications of the Waterfall Model: Every software is differently managed and a suitable SDLC method is defined based on several internal and external factors. Similarly, there are some situations for which the Waterfall model is highly appropriate- Situations where the requirements are very well documented, clearly defined and are fixed from the initial stages with no possibility of changing. Situations where the product definition is fixed and stable. Situations where the technology to be used has been extensively studied, used and is extremely well understood, while at the same time is not at all dynamic. Situations where there is no ambiguity at all in the requirements. Situations where the resources are not a limiting factor and the technical expertise is available to provide support for the product. Situations wherein the project is short and is not going to require exhaustive features. However, from the above conditions, it is easy to see why the waterfall model is a failure most of the times. Nowadays, almost every project is large, is dynamic and the requirements are usually not frozen before- hand. Also, people try to get the job done with minima possible resources and the waterfall method requires that resources be set aside for a long period of time. Any complex projected, therefore cannot be performed or completed using the waterfall methodology. Also, this methodology is inherently time and labour intensive which is evident from the flow of the methodology. We shall still attempt to study the pros and cons of this methodology. Advantages: The waterfall methodology is very simple to understand and easy to use. It is pretty easy to manage, given the rigidity of the model. Where there is no scope for flexibility, unforseen issues do not usually arise. Every phase has specific deliverables which reduces mistakes to a small limit, thereby improving scalability. It allows for efficient compartmentalisation and control due to reduced overlaps of responsibilities. Hence it is easy to assign responsibilities and improve answerability. The phases of development are fixed and can be assigned a fixed timeframe without any fear of over shooting the deadline. Each phase progresses in a fixed order from the beginning to the end. There are no distractions. It works comparatively well for smaller projects where the requirements are easy to understand. The process and expected results are properly understood. Disadvantages: The waterfall model does not allow for the very important process of revision or reflection. If something is not well documented, it becomes very difficult to go back from the testing stage and change a particular thing. If a particular feature is not well thought out or understood, there is a very high possibility of error and that cannot be remedied until an iteration is made resulting in considerable wastage of resources. A working software cannot be obtained until very late in the project life cycle. There is an undue amount of uncertainty and risk involved in the project It is not a good model when it comes to object oriented or complex and complicated projects Long projects or ongoing projects suffer a lot in this methodology. If the requirements of a project are at a moderate or high risk of changing during th project development phase, then this model is definitely unsuitable since one major change can jeopardise the whole project. The measure of the progress of the project is difficult to anticipate within stages. It cannot accommodate for changing or variable requirements Changing or even minutely adjusting the scope of the project during its life cycle can result in the project ending. It is extremely difficult to identify business or technological bottlenecks in the early stages since the implementation is all done in one go. Conclusion: From the above data, it is quite comprehensively understood that the waterfall model is only suitable in extremely rigid conditions which are mostly theoretical, since in todays world of rapidly changing technology, such conditions are hard to manufacture of find. Added to that, the difficulty in implementing large, ongoing or difficult projects along with the resource intensive nature of this methodology, it is quite obvious that this methodology is not regarded favourably by most developers. Even for the clients, this process is not favourable since if the project requirement changes even minutely, the cost escalates along with the time period involved in the project completion and causes severe losses. When the lack of preparation time with regards to business bottlenecks is introduced to the mix, it becomes very difficult to advocate the usage of this methodology for any project of even modest importance. Hence it can be concluded for most realistic and real world projects, the waterfall methodology is irrelevant, except in very rare cases. REFERENCES: Banister, P., Bunn, G., Burman, E., Daniels, J. (2011).Qualitative Methods In Psychology: A Research Guide. London: McGraw-Hill International. Beiske, B. (2007).Research Methods: Uses and limitations of questionnaires, interviews and case studies, Munich: GRIN Verlag. Bryman, A. (2012).Social research methods(5thed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryman, A., Allen, T. (2011).Education Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2011).Business Research Methods(3rded.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Feilzer, M. Y. (2010). Doing mixed methods research pragmatically: Implications for the rediscovery of pragmatism as a research paradigm.Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4(1), pp.6-16. Flick, U. (2011).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. London: Sage. Goddard, W. Melville, S. (2004).Research Methodology: An Introduction, (2nded.) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. GraigLarman (2004) Agile and iterative development A mangers guide, pp 550560 Gulati, P. M. (2009).Research Management: Fundamental and Applied Research, New Delhi: Global India Productions. InstitutNumerique, (2012). Research Methodology,https://www.institut-numerique.org/chapter-3-research-methodology-4ffbd6e5e3391[retrieved 3rd October, 2014]. Kothari, C. R. (2004).Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International. May, T. (2011).Social research: Issues, methods and research. London: McGraw-Hill International. Mehdi Khosrcowpour (2000) Challenges on information technology management in the 21st century information resource management association international conference, pp1-10 Monette, D.R., Sullivan, T. J., DeJong, C. R. (2005).Applied Social Research: A Tool for the Human Services, (6thed.), London: Brooks Publishing. Neuman, W. L. (2003).Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, London: Allyn Bacon. Newman, I. (1998).Qualitative-quantitative research methodology: Exploring the interactive continuum. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. stlund, U., Kidd, L., Wengstrm, Y., Rowa-Dewar, N. (2011).Combining qualitative and quantitative research within mixed method research designs: a methodological review.International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(3), pp. 369-383. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, N. P. (2012).Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it.Annual Review of Psychology, 63, pp.539-569. Rowley, J. (2012). Conducting research interviews.Management Research Review, 35(3), pp.260-271. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2007).Research Methods for Business Students, (6thed.) London: Pearson. Silverman, D. (2013).Doing Qualitative Research: A practical handbook. London: Sage. Snieder R. Larner, K. (2009).The Art of Being a Scientist: A Guide for Graduate Students and their Mentors, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wiles, R., Crow, G., Pain, H. (2011). Innovation in qualitative research methods: a narrative review.Qualitative Research, 11(5), pp.587-604.

Isolated By the Internet Essay Example

Isolated By the Internet Essay Becoming one of few highly regarded people having great contribution to the establishment of the Internet, Clifford Stool an astronomer and computer expert, became highly skeptical of the internet and its beneficial or perilous effect on its consumer. He clearly states throughout the passage his views on internet use becoming hazardous to its users, making his argument by displaying multiple examples of social disconnection of obsessive internet users. Renowned psychologists Robert Karat and Vicki Landmark performed several extensive experiments on various people, measuring deep psychological effects of ever Internet use. From the collected data, on average they found that relationships do have the potential to cultivate online, but to a certain extent. According to Karat and Landmark. Bonds were easily broken friendships with occasional communication, bonds on the other hand were strong relationships with common daily communication. Most of the connections made online, remained as connections and rarely became connections. They also found out that the more time spent on the Internet, the number of relationships were more likely to increase and in return social relationships were bound o decline. A major reason as to why the internet became so popular was that it provided much people with the ability to create another identity of themselves. It offered an alter-ego, a personality that a certain person could have never achieved in real life. This provided a sense of self-esteem for these people. Although they can become this confident person online, they are still the same person they always were in real life. To become confident or to obtain a new identity, the only way is to have real life social interactions. Most obsessive internet users, are found to lack ajar social interaction skills and are very shy around other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated By the Internet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated By the Internet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated By the Internet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Online interactions are not in the same category as social Interactions, many online users see the difference and consider the Internet as their reality. Nowadays we still see visibly negative effects of Internet use and the overall effect it has on social life. According to Time Magazine as of September 2007 around 200 million people in the U. S. Have a Namespace. Population-302. 2 million) Of those people more than 70% check it daily and spend at least 2 hours online. From my viewpoint not only is this harmful to users physically UT mentally as well. I personally know many people that are able to stay online for hours, within a short amount of time you clearly see a change In their personality. Online everything seems fine, but the more you hang out with these obsessive computer users, you sense a certain distance and eventually you just rather not hang out with them. Eventually these people start to lose their friends and eventually their entire social life. At this point they find the internet most intriguing, being that it is the only place where they can actually have a social life they take advantage of it. They create these that they accept as a substitute for reality. I malt I myself nave a Namespace, Ana I can see now Intentions tons wedding can become. Fortunately for me my mom has restrictions on the hours I can be on the computer. My cousin on the other hand never leaves her room only for going to school and dinner. She has entirely disconnected herself from society. I believe this all started after her minute weight gain and her break up with her boyfriend. She was really depressed and I remember her telling me she found solitude, and other people that understood her online. She has relied completely on the internet to make her happy. It started as Just something to console her, but it turned out to be something that would damage her even more so. I strongly agree with Judgment stating that the internet does have a negative effect on its users. Once someone has relied so much on something its hard to have your life readjusted without it. All these obsessive computer users are trapped in a fantasy, and the deeper the fantasy that you are in, the farther from reality you become.

The Importance of Life Experience Essay

The Importance of Life Experience EssayOne of the most difficult essay topics for students is how to create a life experience essay. This is because of the uniqueness of this topic. Most students are not comfortable writing about their life experiences because they may relate them to a specific situation or to some sort of genre.In order to be able to write an essay that is unique and focused on you and your own life, you need to utilize more sources and examples than what you have in your syllabus. You also need to be creative with the formatting of your essay and select a topic that is able to give your information a compelling presentation.There are many places to find more samples of life experience essays. Some of the easiest to access are a) college or university library b) the internet c) your favorite search engine is) online bookstores. Each of these resources is beneficial to you because you will be able to learn different types of essays that are unique to this topic.You c an also take advantage of your essay topic by following one of the most common forms. These essays are typically organized around a central theme that often comes from the entire essay. Most will take the form of a narrative and are generally longer than any other essay that you may write.If you are looking for a life experience essay, you should be aware that many students that start out by writing a 'life story' never finish the project. The problem is that most students do not realize how short each experience is. Life experience is generally a small number of incidents that last from days to years.Students that begin with an experience that is a little over a year long tend to lose sight of the importance of this element. After a year or two, they start to notice that the experience is starting to weigh on them and influence their daily life. They might be having difficulty sleeping or eating, becoming too stressed, or experiencing self-consciousness at all times.The best way to avoid this is to plan your experience the first time that you go into it. If it is a year's worth of experiences, for example, you should divide the life by twelve or even thirty-two. While you can always add an additional semester to the life experience, the first experience will provide you with a perfect starting point.If you are not sure how to write a life experience essay, try searching for other students who have written one to get some input. You will be surprised how much they already know about writing one. Since so many people have struggled with writing about this topic, you will be able to avoid the common pitfalls and improve your essay.

Quotes for Thanking a Special Teacher

Quotes for Thanking a Special Teacher Just about everyone remembers some teachers more than others, and maybe one above all, who made an impact on not just what you learned, but who you are. Whether you see your favorite teacher every day or youve been out of school for many years, that teacher would for sure love to hear from you and know she is making or has made a contribution to your life. So go ahead, make a contribution to her life that is the verbal equivalent of an apple for your teacher. These quotes provide some inspiration, and at least one will fit the bill for your teacher and you.   Quotes for a Special Teacher Maya AngelouWhen you learn, teach. When you get, give. William Arthur WardFeeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it. Dan RatherThe dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the next plateau, sometimes poking you with a sharp stick called truth. Alexander the GreatI am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well. David O. McKayThankfulness is the beginning of gratitude. Gratitude is the completion of thankfulness. Thankfulness may consist merely of words. Gratitude is shown in acts. Henry AdamsA teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. Thornton WilderWe can only be said to be alive in those moments when our hearts are conscious of our treasures. Carl JungOne looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers, but with gratitude to those who touched our human feelings. The curriculum is so much necessary raw material, but warmth is the vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child. Charles KuraltGood teachers know how to bring out the best in students. Benjamin DisraeliI feel a very unusual sensation if it is not indigestion, I think it must be gratitude. Colleen WilcoxTeaching is the greatest act of optimism. Albert SchweitzerWe should all be thankful for those people who rekindle the inner spirit. Charles DickensNo one is useless in this world who lightens the burden of another. Marcel ProustLet us be grateful to people who make us happy; they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom. Victor HugoHe who opens a school door closes a prison. Marva CollinsThe good teacher makes the poor student good and the good student superior. William Arthur WardThe mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains.The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. Albert EinsteinIt is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge. Christa McAuliffe I touch the future. I teach.

Antiseptics and disinfectants

The higher the concentration of antiseptic, the more powerful it will be at inhibiting/ killing microorganisms which cause bacterial growth. † This theory supports my result because as you can see the zone of inhibition increases due to the increasing concentration of antiseptic. The higher concentration of antiseptic means it has been less diluted, which means its more stronger than other more diluted concentrations, this high concentration will determine how powerful the antiseptic will be at killing/inhibiting the growth of bacterium, this high concentration of antiseptic will break down the bacterial cell wall, after this process has happened the antiseptic can stop the mutation of the bacteria and inhibit the growth of the bacteria or kill the bacteria. As you can see from my results the higher amount of antiseptic agent present in the ajar jelly, the more powerful it will be at destroying the bacterial cell wall, that is why with the increasing concentration of antiseptic the zone of inhibition increases because the high dose of concentration is attacking the bacteria, hence inhibiting a larger zone of inhibition. On the other hand decreasing the concentration of antiseptic reduces the effect of destroying the bacterium; the weaker the concentration is the less powerful it is at attacking the cell wall of the bacteria. As you can see from my results at the point of 10 percent concentration the smallest zone of inhibition is present this is because the weaker concentration wasn’t strong enough to attack enough of the bacteria in the ajar jelly, so a smaller zone of inhibition became present. During incubation, the chemical diffuses from the disk containing the agent into the surrounding agar; my weaker concentration also wasn’t able to diffuse as well as a higher concentration. Another factor is that my higher concentration wasn’t diluted as much as much as my lower concentration, which means that the water neutralised some of the powerful chemicals in the lower concentration of antiseptic, which were lethal for destroying some of the bacterial agents. 6a) Use of the proper concentration of a disinfectant is important to Achieve the best results for each situation. Some products will have different dilutions Depending on the desired use of the product. Although some Disinfectants may be more efficacious at higher concentrations, However, over-dilution of a product may render the disinfectant ineffective to the target of destroying the Microorganisms. The product label will list the best concentration to use for each situation. Be sure to consider any standing water or other water sources (i. e. , rainfall) in the area as a Potential dilution source for a disinfectant. Antiseptics are more suitable for cleaning hands rather than disinfectants because disinfectants are meant to destroy microorganisms which can infect non-living objects, whilst antiseptics are used on living tissues and cells to destroy any type of infections or sepsis which may be living on the tissue, that is why antiseptics are used in hand sanitizers to clean hands rather than disinfectants. Some people differ between using antibiotics or antiseptics for hand washing, antibiotics and antiseptics are both chemicals that prevent the growth and development of bacteria, but antibiotics are effective only again bacteria whilst antiseptics act on a wide range of microorganisms, making antiseptics more suitable for hand sanitizers. Antiseptics are chemical agents that slow or stop the growth of micro-organisms (germs) on external surfaces of the body, that is why they are suitable to use on the skin as they are designed for that pacific reason to stop bacterial growth or any other microorganisms from spreading or causing infection on the skin and external surfaces on the body. Antiseptics should be distinguished from antibiotics that destroy micro-organisms inside the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy micro-organisms found on inanimate (non-living) objects. Antibiotics and disinfectant are designed for other reasons as you can see and contain some different chemical agents that maybe harsh on the human skin so that is why disinfectants and antibiotics may not be suitable on the skin.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 115

Essay Example Armstrong on the other hand would no longer challenge the USADA decision finding USADA’s investigation dismissing it as a â€Å"witch hunt† that is bent on convicting him without any physical evidence. Armstrong denied that he ever took banned substances in his career (Associated Press). This decision of USADA to strip Armstrong of his titles and ban him from the sport for life is not only wrong but also excessive. It can be likened to a death penalty (Zimmerman) of which Armstrong is undeserved. It is based on onerous and unreasonable proceedings t that even the United States District Court indicated the troubling aspect of the case and indicated â€Å"the deficiency of USADA’s charging document is of serious constitutional concern† (2012 WL 3569682). It is important to state that the prosecution of USADA against Armstrong is based on â€Å"non-analytical positive† or from witness testimony and not from the presentation of concrete, scientific laboratory results. Armstrong was right when he commented that USADA convicted him without any physical evidence. To back up that comment, it has to be noted that Armstrong never tested positive to over 500 tests he was subjected to during his active career. Worst, the use of â€Å"analytical non-positive† proceeding to convict Armstrong that requires the testimony of a witness was tainted with corruption making the ground of his conviction to be doubtful if not illegal. It could be argued that there are numbers of witness who testified against Armstrong that justified the conviction. But the manner of which those testimonies were obtained or extracted automatically removes the credibility of such witnesses and making it unfit to be used as evidence in the court of law. An agency cannot break the federal bribery law just to convict anyone. Thus, the evidence used against Armstrong can be dismissed not only as hearsays but also illegal that could nullify the charges hurled

The Circulatory System and It's Importance Essay

The Circulatory System and It's Importance - Essay Example Because of what it does for man, the circulatory system can also be considered the most important one. Without the circulatory system, man will not be able to live. People usually associate the circulatory system with blood and they are not mistaken. In the most basic sense, the job of the circulatory system is to ensure that blood moves around inside man’s body, supplying the nutrients needed in order for all the parts of the body to function properly. While the blood carries the oxygen and nutrients to the body, it also collects the carbon dioxide from the same. If there is no proper flow of blood, the organs in the body will not be able to function well. The circulatory system can be divided into three parts: pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation and systemic circulation. The heart, lungs and bloods vessels are the major organs in each of these parts. Each individual part has its own unique process of blood circulation. â€Å"The successful circulation of each part r esults to an efficient distribution of blood throughout the body.† (Body) The heart The central organ in the circulatory process is the heart. Composed of four chambers that are divided by a wall, this muscle pushes 2,000 gallons of blood containing oxygen and nutrients into the body. (Dowshen) The heart sends the blood out through its pumping motion. â€Å"It beats about 100,000 times a day, more than 30 million times per year, and about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime (Dowshen).† The speed of the heart’s pumps depends on the kind of activity the body does. It pumps slower when the body is at rest and faster when the body is in motion. This is because man uses up more energy when immersed in activity. Energy comes from oxygen and oxygen comes from blood. The source of oxygen-rich blood is the heart. The four chambers of the heart can be grouped into two; namely, the upper and lower. The upper chamber or left and right atria receive the blood which has pa ssed through the different organs in the body. On the other hand, the heart releases the blood to be used from the lower chamber or left and right ventricles. Two cardiac valves separate the bottom part of the heart from the blood vessels that allow blood to the rest of the body. The pulmonic valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery which goes to the lungs. The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta. The heart also has two major arteries which in turn gives blood to the heart. The right coronary artery allows blood into the right atrium, right ventricle and the bottom part of the right and left ventricle. In contrast, the left coronary artery pumps blood to the left atrium and the left ventricle. Because of the heart’s function in supplying blood, it can be said that the heart is the most important organ in the circulatory system. The blood vessels Blood moves around the body through three groups of blood vessels. Aside from those which deliver and release blood to and from the heart, there are also blood vessels responsible for distributing blood throughout the body and bringing blood back to the heart. The first group of blood vessels can be found in the heart. When leaving the heart, blood flows through two arteries. The aorta is the thickest blood vessel and carries blood with oxygen to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery, on the other hand, delivers blood to the lungs which converts oxygen-poor blood into oxygen-rich blood for the body to use. The second group of blood ve