Examination System free essay sample

Decrease in the standard of training 2. Shortcoming lies with the defective assessment framework 3. Just a trial of memory 4. Causes stress yet not instigates understudies to buckle down 5. Instructors are over troubled 6. Beneficial business 7. Need to change the framework The standard of instruction is declining in Pakistan step by step. Our instructive organizations are delivering not men of letters but rather men of cash. They are not educated individuals with free reasoning and a more extensive and genuine point of view. Their motivation of getting training isn't to set themselves up forever. They need just an occupation that may give them cash to purchase extravagances of life and capacity to hurt others. So they look for easy routes to finish their assessment so that may accomplish their objective as quickly as time permits and with as less work as they can. Tragically our assessment framework is so out dated and it encourages them accomplish this point. We will compose a custom paper test on Assessment System or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Extraordinary advancement has been made in each field of study. Be that as it may, the strategy for testing a person’s information is as yet old. Individuals have now begun crying against the current assessment framework. They contend that it is just a decent methods for testing a student’s memory. Yet, it can reveal to us nothing about his genuine capacity. Assessment cause stress in light of the fact that such a great amount of relies upon them. They are on the whole the characteristic of progress or disappointment in our general public. Your entire future might be chosen in one game changing day. It portion not make any difference that you were not feeling admirably or that your mom passed on. In the event that you flop in the assessment, you will be considered as dull as a jackass. The point and object of instruction be to prepare us to have an independent mind. The assessment framework does anything other than that. We need to follow and realize just what is unmistakably characterized by a schedule. In this way assessment energize retention. We mug up some significant inquiries that may happen in the assessment paper and afterward upchuck them out in the assessments. In this way assessment don't propel an understudy to prepared broadly. At that point educators themselves are passed judgment on methods. So they are constrained to prepare their understudies in assessment methods. It is regularly observed that the best understudies are the individuals who are best prepared in assessment methods and not the individuals who are best taught. The arrangement of disasters through which an understudy needs to go during his scholastic life doesn't end here. They are decided by some unknown analyst. Inspectors are just human. They get attempted, eager and irate while assessing answer books. However they need to check heaps of hurriedly composed contents in a constrained measure of time. Everyone realizes that their assertion conveys weight. You can't challenge the unfairness done to you by the analyst. Assessments have become a productive business for the establishments that run them. They gather gigantic charges from the understudies every year and afterward spend them richly on the upkeep of their workplaces and vehicles. This framework requires an extraordinary change. Prospectuses ought to be overhauled. They ought to be in congruity with the psychological degree of the understudies and the prerequisites of the nation. Educators ought to be conferred appropriate preparing before they are appointed the honorable occupation of instructing. In the assessment a student’s understanding, his responsive and intelligent force and his abiltity to communicate in a clear and clear way ought to be checked. At exactly that point would we be able to create another Jinnah, Iqbal or Salam.

Ethics and Corruption in Cycling

Morals and Corruption in Cycling Morals in Sport-The Case of Cycling Presentation The Higher Moral and Ethical Ground End Book reference Presentation As one of the world’s all the more requesting sports, cycling extricates just as anticipates a most extreme presentation from its expert members. It pits them straightforwardly against the world’s best in the game on pretty much every excursion, therefore making a field of rivalry whereby they are judged, and appraised in pretty much every trip against the main stars. Dissimilar to other group activities whereby one’s execution is estimated, and additionally measured against those of a like expertise or position, cycling doesn't give this pad or support. One’s execution goes under direct investigation each, and each trip with time sheet correlations with demonstrate one’s standing, be it the hiking section, runs, or generally speaking adjusted execution through a phase or Tour. The requests of solidarity, continuance, intestinal backbone, and mental endurance that is spread by and large over days, and on account of the Tour de France, weeks, makes a climate of strain to play out that is obscure in some other sort of pro game. Dr. Alejandro Lucia (Cheung, 2003), a world perceived expert in the physiology of expert cycling, has expressed that the preparation just as control required to take part correct a high mental cost that is additionally a factor of the high worry of physical molding just as hereditary qualities. As would be normal, every nation with significant members in proficient cycling has its own cycling league, be that as it may, the Union Europã ©enne de Cyclisme, European Cycling Union, is the confederation that administers the Union Cycliste Internationale, International Cycling Union, which is the expert association that regulates proficient cycling occasions universally (UEC, 2007). This association has the obligation regarding the issuance of licenses to proficient cyclists, alongside the requirement of rules and guidelines, which in this occurrence incorporates doping (UCI, 2007a). The expert cycling devisions that the UCI directs are street cycling occasions, track, off-road bicycle, c yclo-cross, BMX, Trials, indoor cycling, and para-cycling (UCI, 2007a). The International Cycling Union is a non-benefit making association that was established on 14 April 1900, and is headquartered in Aigle, Switzerland (UCI, 2007b). The organization’s points speak to: The guideline of expert cycling on the universal level, The advancement of cycling universally, in each nation just as at all levels, The association of expert cycling World Championships for all cycling divisions, The support just as upkeep of agreeable and expert connections between all cycling divisions, The advancement of donning morals just as reasonable play, The portrayal of expert cycling alongside the guard of its inclinations universally, Furthermore, the joint effort with the International Olympic Committee concerning cycling occasions held in the Olympics (UCI, 2007b). It is thing 5. the advancement of brandishing morals just as reasonable play, alongside ethics that speaks to the focal point of this assessment. What's more, with regards to such, the International Cycling Union has embraced a ‘Code of Ethics’ that characterizes and indicates the direct of activity, and rules administering all expert cycling occasions (UCI, 2007c). It determines that all official, the board, managerial, cyclists, and others and relationship in any capacity subsidiary just as going under the aegis of the International Cycling Union must hold fast to said ‘Code of Ethics (UCI, 2007c). It presents that consistently, all members must consent to the standards of the ‘Code of Ethics’ as for (UCI, 2007c): human pride, standards of nondiscrimmination concerning race, sex, ethic starting point, sex, philosophical just as political conclusions, religion, conjugal staus, or some other types of segregation out of the blue, the guideline of peacefulness in any structure just as the applying of a weight, as well as badgering using any and all means, indicate physical, proficient, mental, and sexual, the upkeep of uprightness, to hold the need of the eventual benefits of the game every day, to hold the need of the interests of the game just as its competitors with respect to budgetary interests, to secure nature, to keep up neurality in policy centered issues, and Olympism. Inside this ‘Code’ it is necessitated that all gatherings maintain the standards just as interests of expert cycling just as ceasing from any conduct that may endanger the game, as well as the notoriety of the (UCI, 2007c). Inside this system is the significant idea of ‘integrity’, which implies â€Å"the firm adherance to a code of †¦ good or masterful qualities †¦ (Interactive Playground, 2007). The first is exceptionally inportant with regards to this assessment as it centers around the ‘ethical and good questions’ of medication use in the game. Honesty speaks to an aptitude that is found out after some time (Interactive Playground, 2007). As a piece of the UCI ‘Code of Ethics’, respectability, under Article 4, is expressed as the way that all gatherings related with the UCI will thusly forgo the requesting, acknowledgment of, and additionally proposition, either legitimately or in a roundabout way, that any installmen t just as commission, alongside any favorable circumstances or potentially administrations of any sort that has not been consented to or approved by the UCI will not be attempted (UCI, 2007c). Besides, under inetgrity it additionally expresses that when any sort of offers of the previously mentioned assortment are made, that the UCI be so educated (UCI, 2007c). Said conditions under honesty, Article 5, proceed to include that parties as secured under their relationship with the UCI can just acknowledge representative blessings that are gave in the soul of freindship as an issue of neighborhood custom, and that some other kinds of endowments are to be sent to the (UCI, 2007c). The ‘Code’ proceeds to cover such fields as ‘Conflict of Interests’, and Confidentiality’ in spreading out explicit terms of lead (UCI, 2007c). With regards to the previous, the UCI has built up a ‘Ethics Commission’, that has been allowed expert in the accompanying regions (UCI, 2007c): to direct and guarantee that all aspects of the ‘Code’ are regarded, to field and get grievances with respect to any encroachment to the ‘Code’, to give counsel just as help concerning moral issues in all periods of the ‘Code’, to give guidance on the shirking just as goals of irreconcilable circumstances, to suggest authorizes because of offenses against the ‘Code’, to present measures for the application and adherence to the ‘Code’, and to advance recommendations prescribing projects to educate and prompt on morals. The previous speaks to a critical feature in this conversation in that the UCI has taken a functioning position in the zones of morals, and ethics, as characterized by trustworthiness. The previous speaks to a basic viewpoint in the assessment of penetrates, and embarrassments that have come to pass for the game of cycling that have made the news as of late, especially in the example of the latest champ of the Tour de France. The Consequences of Individual Actions As showed in the UCI’s ‘Code of Ethics’ just as by the activities taken by this association as far back as the 1960s when an article speaking to doping was brought into the organization’s rules, drugs have been a key thought in guaranteeing that a level just as dependable portrayal of the game was, and is a piece of its activity (UCI, 2007d). The previous center was additionally improved by the accompanying resulting rules, and guidelines (UCI, 2007d: in 1966 a comparative article, on doping as alluded to in 1960, was added to the UCI Technical Guide, in 1967, the UCI distributed its first rundown speaking to substances that were precluded, in 1967 the UCI set up the main assents taken against riders that would not experience testing, 1967 spoke to the distributing of the principal Medical Control Rules, which were the herald to the Anti-doping Rules The above chronicled comprehension of the position, and dynamic projects of the UCI is significant with regards to ongoing occasions on doping in the game of cycling. This assessment will cover the most imperative of these kinds of occasions, taking note of that doping issues have been a piece of individual competitor rule suggesting since the 1960’s (UCI, 2007d). The Tour de France speaks to proficient cycling’s generally chief, and renowned occasion. It’s â€Å"†¦scale and social and social essentialness requests the scholastic consideration that it has not generally gotten †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 1). Covering more than 4,000 kilometers all through France, and a couple of neighboring nations, a great many available observers just as several millions over the globe by means of TV, and different types of media follow the occasion. First led in 1903, the Tour has been held as a zenith of donning decency that shows competitors at their best more than three weeks of exhausting rivalry through mountains, and level stages that normal around 150 or more kilometers for every day (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 228). Waddington (1998, p. 161) prompts â€Å"†¦that a decent Tour takes one year off your life, and when you finish in a terrible state, they figure three years†¦ You cannot depict to an ordinary i ndividual how tired you feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . They add that â€Å"†¦fatigue begins to kick in on the Tour following ten days if youre fit as a fiddle, and af

Theory of Knowledge for the IB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hypothesis of Knowledge for the IB - Essay Example The subsequent definition goes past the first purpose behind the creation of machines. Rather than simply supporting us in our day by day errands by being augmentations of our bodies in playing out their assignments, machines, particularly since a machine called PCs are imagined, become entertainers of undertakings freely of its client. For whatever length of time that its activities are modified so that it would now be able to perform errands without the nearness or the continuous control of people. They have become complex that they can outperform what we can do. Mechanical cranes can lift complex occasions the greatest weight that the most grounded living human can. Mechanical production system robots can achieve an assignment path past a group of quickest human specialists of that specific occupation. What's more, in 1997, a supercomputer named Deep Blue vanquished the then world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. The intensity of machines exponentially expands our ability to deliver products and ventures. It is reasonable that they can surpass our mechanical capacities. Be that as it may, as far as our intellectual capacities, machines, for example, Deep Blue has been modified to outmaneuver our levelheaded resources. This presents an inquiry that we are to determine in this paper. Can a machine know Prior to going further, we should initially characterize what the action word to know signifies. In English this word has a few definitions. In the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth Edition) know has eight definitions: 1. To see legitimately; handle in the psyche with lucidity or sureness. 2. To view as obvious certain. 3. To have a pragmatic comprehension of, as through experience; be talented in 4. To have fixed in the brain: 5. To have understanding of: 6a. To see as natural; perceive: b. To be familiar with: 7. To have the option to recognize; perceive as unmistakable: knows directly from wrong. 8. To recognize the character or nature of: The definitions above give us various parts of know. By these we can say that knowing something begins when we see a thing by our faculties, handling this obtained data to a point that we become familiar with those things and winds up with the ability of the knowing individual to unmistakably recognize or perceive that thing from others. The rise of the Information Age has presented machines that can think freely. They, for example, supercomputers, can handle and procedure information at astonishing velocities. In a small amount of a second, they can perform scientific tasks that a human can do in hours or even years. With this limit, they can truly perform judicious exercises, in any event to a limited degree. In any case, would we be able to express that this present supercomputer's capacity to process information is now a demonstration of knowing given the meaning of know above For me, I accept that machines can't completely know. They may perform mental undertakings of people with quickness and exactness route over that of people. Yet they can't thoroughly know things according to characterized by word references. In the event that we utilize the definitions above, they miss the mark regarding altogether knowing something. To demonstrate this, let us consider the primary definition To see legitimately, handle in the brain with clearness or assurance. Computers are intended to see and handle information to help us in our undertakings. Word preparing programs, for instance, are made for us to compose a letters and different archives in an exact and flawless way. It can get information coming

fidel castro Essay -- essays research papers

The United States of America is a nation that has faith in vote based system and has troublesome ties with socialist nations. The United States has gone after for decades to improve relations with the nations that don’t practice majority rules system. History shows differences between the United States and despots of these flippant nations, contradictions that carried the world to the edge of atomic war. The latest of these encounters included three nations. US of America, Cuba and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Fidel Castro is a Cuban progressive, who assumed responsibility for Cuba in 1959 furthermore, settled a Communist tyranny. Castro, who was conceived in Mayari, became the pioneer of an underground, hostile to government group. In 1956, he drove a insubordination that won expanding mainstream support. In the long run Castro constrained Batista y Zaldivar, who was the chief of Cuba to escape the nation. Once in power Castro executed and detained a large number of political rivals, nationalized industry, collectivized farming, and set up a one-party communist state. In the mid 1960’s Castro straightforwardly grasped Communism and shaped close ties with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), depending on Soviet monetary and military guide favoring constrained financial changes that legitimized a few free endeavor. In Cuba, an expected $1 billion in U.S.- claimed properties were seized in 1960. The Castro government held onto petroleum processing plants, sugar factories, and electric utilities claimed by th...

Charles Darwin A Famous Scientist - Free Essay Example

Charles Darwin is a famous scientist that lived in the 17th century that was well known for his scientific discoveries and controversial theories of the time. If you ask anyone who Charles Darwin was, they will say the guy who came up with evolution. Charles Darwin did come up with the theory of evolution, so they wouldnt be wrong with stating that fact. However, Charles Darwin didnt just come up with the theory of evolution, he also came up with other works that consisted of The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, and The Descent of Man. Although he wasnt known in psychology for any other works but natural selection and theory of evolution. Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. He was born as the fifth child in a family of six children. Darwins mother and father were Susannah Wedgewood, and Robert Darwin (Famous Scientist, 2018). Charles Darwin grow up in a wealthy family mainly due to his father Robert Darwin, Robert invested money he made in his medical job. So, as Charles Darwin went to school that was paid for by his dad, he didnt really worry about passing of failing his classes because he knew his father would pay for his living (Famous Scientist, 2018). The major reason for Charles laziness in school was that he didnt care for medical school like his dad had before him. However, shortly after his first year of medical school he became interested in zoology. Charles Darwins interest in zoology is the start of his famous career as a scientist. The field of zoology opened Charles up to his legendary Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection. Later in his life when he when on a trip to the Galapagos Islands, he saw multiple types of finch and as he looked at the different characteristics of the types of finch, he noticed they all looked quite similar (BBC, 2014). Darwin also noticed that the finch with the larger beaks where the only ones to survive the droughts of the islands. The finch with the larger beaks surviving is a prime example of Darwins Natural Selection. The larger beak finch could break open harder seeds which the narrow/small beaked finch couldnt, which is why the larger beaked finch survived and narrow/small beaked finch didnt. Which would lead to the evolution of the finch to have larger beaks in hundreds or thousands of years (BBC, 2014). As Charles Darwin was researching the Theory of Evolution, he did research on plants and animals trying to find similar traits within them. In doing so he wrote that humans and animals were descendants of a common ancestor that later became humans and animals today (Kruger, 2009). Since, Darwin stated that Humans and animals had a common ancestor, psychologist study animals to learn more about human behavior. Darwins discovery in evolution changed many thoughts scientist once had and helped psychologist learn more about human beings as well (Kruger, 2009). In conclusion, Charles Darwin was mostly like everyone else in the world except for being born in to a rich family. However, he went to school and figured out that he didnt want to follow in his dads foot steps and finish medical school because it bored him, and he didnt enjoy it. So, he listened to himself and became a scientist which he thoroughly enjoyed. In doing so he followed more so in his grand-fathers foot steps and the world should be grateful he did because without him becoming a scientist we wouldnt have his Theory of Evolution or Natural Selection. Without Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection, Scientist might have taken even longer to figure out that animals and humans share mostly the same genes. Also, Psychologist might not know everything they do now about human beings behavior. So, in all Charles Darwin was well before his time and for that he reshaped the world with his creative thinking and ideas.

Preparing for Your Medical School Interview How to Handle the Tough Questions

What interviewers want to know...when they ask a challenging question Last time we discussed the general approach to preparing for a medical school interview and went over a couple big picture questions. The ultimate goals are to, one, let the interviewer know how you are different than every other person they spoke to and, two, why you would be a good fit for this program. You want to convey these points in a memorable way, so we discussed how to answer these questions by telling a story. And all of your stories come together to tell your narrative. In this entry, we’ll talk about how to maintain that mindset and those goals, while answering difficult interview questions. What interviewers want to know...when they ask a challenging question There are typically two main reasons that an interviewer will ask you a difficult question: 1. To see how you think when you are challenged and unprepared If you have gotten to this point, it’s fair to assume you are responsible and know how to prepare for something important. It’s easier to answer questions that you know are coming. But it’s often more telling and more valuable to see how you react when you have to digest what is happening, break down the problem and come up with a solution in real time. 2. To see that you have learned/improved/are aware of your mistakes No one is perfect; everyone’s made mistakes. Cliche, but true, the important thing is to learn from them and improve. Programs don’t expect you to not have made mistakes, but they don’t want those mistakes to have been in vain and would probably prefer if they were less likely to be repeated. The Ethical Dilemma questions Interviewers may present you with an ethical dilemma, either one related to a general workplace/team-based issue, or something more medically centered with the obvious understanding that you don’t have the medical knowledge. But the medicine is not the point of the question. The interviewer wants to see how you think. How to handle it: First, talk it through, then draw on your own experiences. Think through aloud what the issue is. Name the dilemma explicitly. Then identify the pros and cons of each side. This demonstrates that you are thorough, considerate and systematic in your thought process; this is really what the interviewer cares about. It also buys you some time if you are feeling overwhelmed. Before you arrive at your conclusion, briefly discuss a time in which you dealt with a similar dilemma. Explain how you acted, how that situation compares to the current one, and how you learned from it. Not only does this experience show your ability to reflect, it also makes y our answer more poignant and memorable. The What’re Your Weaknesses/Tell Me About Times You’ve Failed question This can often feel like a difficult question because it seems to be asking you to provide the interviewer with reasons you are a poor candidate. Instead think of this question as - what did you used to be bad at, what actionable steps did you take to improve those shortcomings, how has your progress been so far, and what new steps are you taking now to continue to improve? Everyone needs to improve in some aspects. The interviewer is looking to see that you are self aware, can identify the areas in which you need to improve and that you are able to create concrete, self devised plans to make those improvements. You will make mistakes in medical school and as a physician, the error is in not being able to recognize and grow from them. The Please Explain Your Bad Grades/Score question This is another instance in which it can feel as if the interviewer is trying to make you act against your own best interest. They aren’t. They know about your bad grades/MCAT score/etc and they want to interview you anyway. Think of this question as an opportunity to explain what you learned from this experience and what you have done to show that it won’t or hasn’t happened again. For instance, if you did poorly in a science class, maybe you identified it was because of difficulty with time management, so next time you made an extra effort to be more organized and in the next science class your grades improved. However, I do acknowledge that often it doesn’t feel like there was one specific reason that caused you to do poorly. Sometimes, it was really that the test or class was just hard. Highlight your hard work. Focus on the fact that you were not discouraged, continued to work hard and succeeded in other areas. Your story is ongoing and is far from over. You’re continuing to work on strategies to improve and there is no quit in sight. The What Would You Do If You Don’t Get In question There are two ways to think of this question and it depends on how they word it. The difference in the two hypotheticals is are you allowed to apply again or not. First - What would you do if you don’t get in? Easy. Take some time to reflect and then go and strengthen the weakest part of your application (take post bac classes if it’s your grades, retake the MCAT if your score is holding you down, shadow more if your clinical experience is lacking, work in a lab if research is your weak point). All the while you will continue to strengthen whatever is already strong and continue to contribute to your community. Then you will come back next cycle and apply again. Because you will be a doctor. Is that itinerary 100% realistic for a person who also has to work and live a life? Probably not. But they created a hypothetical questions and you can give them a hypothetical, idealistic answer. Second - If you couldn’t be a doctor and had to choose something else to do with your life, what would you do? Here, you’re not allowed to apply again. Identify aloud what qualities about being a physician are attractive. Maybe the science and nuts and bolts were what drew you in so you’d be a PhD or an engineer. Or maybe it was the constant learning/teaching, so you’d go work in a school? Or maybe it’s the idea of helping people on a more macro level and you’d get involved with policy. Whatever it is, describe the appeal of being a physician, and then identify a profession that matches what you’ve just described as closely as possible. The interviewer doesn’t need to know that you may have never considered this alternative career. It’s irrelevant, because you are going to be a doctor. Thinking about applying this cycle, but not sure where you stand? ; Are you craving more on the MD admissions process? Four ways for athletes to substantiate their candidacy in their medical school applications 3 (Surprising) Reasons Why Social Science Prepares You for Medicine How to Create an Initial List of Medical School Applications

Famous Murders of the 19th Century

Euralille Master Plan and Grand Palais by Koolhaas

My Vacation At The Picnic Table - 973 Words

*beep**beep* I sat up real quick and rubbed my eyes. I was so excited for today! My family and I are going to visit a nearby lake for the weekend, and I can’t wait! I ran down the stairs and ate breakfast with my family, except my brother Marco, he must be still asleep. Half way through breakfast my lazy brother decided to wake up from the dead. When we finished eating, we all started packing for the weekend. When we all were ready to hit the road, we climbed in the RV, then we were on our way. We arrived at the lake thirty minutes later and I was itching to swim already. I climbed out the RV and helped set up everything. I asked my parents if I could go swim already, but they told me not right now, but tomorrow I can. I sat at the†¦show more content†¦Marco rolled his eyes, and got up to help. My brother and dad worked on cooking the meat, while my mom and I worked on the sides in the RV. I helped with making a salad, baked potatoes, and corn. We sat at the table, and started digging into our food. It taste like heaven in my mouth! We finished up our food, scrapped our plates and set them in the RV. We got ready for bed, and all climbed into the RV. I was sitting there for a good fifteen minutes, thinking about how excited I am about being able to finally swim tomorrow. During my thinking time, I dozed off to a peaceful darkness. I woke up to birds chirping, which is quite odd for me, because I don’t really hear them were I live. I sat up out of bed, and stretched. I walked outside seeing my parents drinking there morning coffee, and chatting away. I walked back into the RV and made me my coffee to get me started for the day. I heard snoring, the first thing I thought was my lazy brother. I grabbed my swim wear and changed into them. I walked back out, and asked my parents if I could go swim. They told me yes, and to be careful. I darted off down the hill to the swimming area. I slipped off my flip flops and ran straight into the water. I was enjoying the water while I floated on my back. I decided I should try to swim all the way to the pole. I was going at a slow pace when I felt something slither by my foot. I jerked my foot back when I felt

Code of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs...

Code of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and beliefs of an organization. A code of ethics clarifies to employees what the company stands for and its expectations for employee conduct (Daft, 2013). A well-written code is a true commitment to responsible business practices in that it outlines specific procedures to handle ethical failures. Within the research enterprise, the code of ethics ensures that research projects involving human subjects are carried out without causing harm to the subjects involved. Research ethics also ensure researchers conduct research in an ethical manner. This paper will focus on the regulations and guidelines that govern ethics in research, a study where†¦show more content†¦Within the research enterprise, ethics serve as the moral compass in to ensure that research projects involving human subjects are carried out without causing harm to the subjects involved. In addition, it provides a governin g structure which ensures that human participants in research are not exploited either physically or psychologically. In addition, research ethics educates and monitors scientists conducting research to ensure that they are adhering to the guidelines and regulations associated with research. Ethics also ensures that researchers can use the knowledge obtained to oversee clinical research and insure its conduct in a safe, scientifically sound and ethical manner (Tremaine, Carlson, Isaacs, Motil, Robuck, Wurzelmann, 2005). This research paper will provide a brief history of ethical guidelines associated with research, one research tragedies where research ethics were violated, and recommendations to ethics are maintained with the research enterprise. Brief History on Research Ethics There are several regulations and guidelines that govern the research enterprise. They provide the foundation for research ethics. These regulations and guidelines were formulated to ensure researchers conduct research in an ethical manner and to ensure that no human subject is harmed or violated. There are three key guidelines that have been implemented to ensure thatShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Professional Moral Compass987 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Ethics is a comprehension of the way of contentions emerging from good goals and how best we may manage those (Noble, 2007). Morals does not choose what is ethically right or wrong; rather it considers how we ought to act better in the light of our obligations and commitments as moral agents (Noble, 2007). We are all molded by our own encounters, recollections, feelings, and learning influencing our observations, thinking and judgment of individuals and circumstances. 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Why / why not? (7 points) I believe it is most certainly necessary for business people to be familiar with ethical concepts and principles. TheRead MoreAcme County Office Of Schools1767 Words   |  8 Pagesthe children and communities they serve. In establishing an ethical culture within the organization they are providing the programs, support, oversight and training that will eliminate the opportunity for unethical conduct. Statement of Core Values The goal of the core values of a business is to provide a practical and objective framework for the employees to perform in an ethical manner for the business. (Anderson, 2011) Acme County Office of Schools core values was created to be an internal frameworkRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay3440 Words   |  14 PagesThe Moral Compass essay Ethics relates to given principles that govern behavior and conduct of a human being. 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Project Costing for a Road Construction project †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Costing for a Road Construction project. Answer: Introduction The organization, X Consult (XC) has primarily been involved in consultancy contracts in the engineering and construction sector, mainly in design development and providing guidance to various organizations on how to develop designs. However, as with all organizations, it is important that the company evolves and continues to grow by taking advantage of existing opportunities in the market. This calls for venturing into the complex but highly lucrative road construction sector, which, in addition, to being lucrative, carries a new set of risks the company must be conversant with. Because all projects have risks, this report provides an analysis and evaluation of all the risks inherent to the road construction project that the company intends to bid. The report commences by summarizing the risks inherent in road construction projects by developing a risk assessment for contracting such work. This is then followed by a cost estimate for preparing such a bid and the departments that wil l be involved to give the company and board an understanding of the cost implication for bidding for such works. A schedule for the bid preparation will then be prepared and an appendix that summarizes the three projects background will be discussed, in the context of encountered risks for such a construction project. Risk Assessment in the Road Construction Sector The table below is a table detailing the risk assessment for road construction projects Risk Description Consequences of risk Risk probability Risk severity Overall Risk profile Mitigation measures against risk Defective materials used in road construction Poor quality roads that fail to meet quality standards leading to major reworks or failure to accept completed project by client or extensive reworks H VH H Quality management plan Inspection of raw materials frequently before procurement and after Safe storage of materials to ensure weather induced damage is limited Testing at various stages on quality of roads (Asphalt quality tests) (Muhamid 2011) Overshooting project time line Late delivery of projects characterized by increased costs and client displeasure VH VH VH Use of project management techniques and tools such as project management software to mitigate risks Developing a detailed work breakdown structure and following a work progress plan Effective planning of the project scope and minimizing scope changes Meet regularly to discuss progress of project on what has been done and what is remaining and compare to the project plan (El-Sayegh Mansour 2015) Overshooting cost/ budget High project costs and loss of support from sponsor leading to failed/ abandoned projects or legal litigation Abandonment of project in extreme cases VH VH VH Use effective and accurate costing methods and cost estimations before project commences when developing project budget Strict control of the project scope Effective management and communication with stakeholders to ensure they support changes (El-Sayegh Mansour 2015) Changes in scope/ design during construction Will lead to budget and time constraints being overshot H VH VH Use modern design principles such as BIM (building information management) and computer aided design Adhere to all set road design rules and regulations Strict management of project scope Use simulation software to test effectiveness of road designs before proceeding with construction Quality management plan that is strictly followed Using quality materials that are tested regularly to ensure quality (Muhamid 2011) Natural/ weather conditions that can affect construction progress Drastic changes in weather, such as heavy rains and landslides/ mud slides will cause delays, result in done work being damaged, and lead to re-works or increased costs VH VH VH Plan for construction when weather forecast show good weather Using quality road construction materials Poor communication with stakeholders This will lead to misunderstanding and poor management of relevant stakeholders, resulting in reduced or loss of support for the project H VH H Develop an effective stakeholder management plan and meet regularly with project team (Muhamid 2011) Unstable and contaminated soil conditions Can cause constructed sections to become damaged requiring massive reworks or occasion massive revisions to work program, budget, and project timelines H VH VH Ensure the soils where the roads are to be constructed are effectively tested before design begins to avoid future reworks Using soil strengthening additives to ensure the roads are of a high quality/ standard Cost Summary for Bid Contract Preparation The costs for preparing the bid contract must be estimated in the context of the activities to be undertaken and the stages involved in its construction. The first stage will entail a feasibility study, after the purchase/ acquisition of the relevant project documents. This will be followed by undertaking surveys in the subject areas and doing tests and surveys to help with the design of the road. The information from the surveys, including traffic survey (Traffic count) and tests undertaken on the site souls will then be used to outline proposals for the construction. The proposals will then be used for developing preliminary designs for the road, followed by a detailed road design. The detailed design will then be tested through simulations using computer aided tools and systems. This will be followed by a cost estimation using relevant costing techniques. The XC staff will then undertake the relevant documentation to attach to the design to complete the tender document ready for s ubmission, accompanied by visual presentations to the client. These tasks and their costs are detailed in the table below; by department Activity Department/ team to Undertake Activity Duration Unit Cost (per duration such as per hour) Total Costs in $ Acquiring tender documents Design One day @ 50 100 Purchasing project equipment and vehicles Administration Five Days 25000 Feasibility Study Civil engineering department with a civil engineer or two, civil technicians, foremen, and road construction technicians Twenty days Civil engineer pay @ $ 22 per hour Foreman pay @ $ 16 per hour Civil engineering technicians @ $ 12 per hour Road construction technicians @ $ 12 per hour 16000 Site survey and geotechnical surveys Survey Department (8 quantity surveyors) and 4 Civil Engineers plus project manager Sixteen days Chief quantity surveyors @ $ 18 per hour Assistants @ $ 15 per hour 140960 Soil tests 2 civil engineering technicians Twelve Days @ $ 12 for each per hour 76800 Traffic survey/ Count Consultant and survey supervisors plus surveyors Seventeen days @ 25 per hour for consultant @ $ 18 for survey supervisor @ $ 10 for the surveyors/ traffic counting team 14480 Progress review meeting All staff in bidding team Two Days 6000 Preliminary designs Civil engineers (2) Eight days @ $ 25 per hour 28000 Validating Designs Civil Engineering, Surveying, Project management Four Days 6400 Detailed road design Civil engineers (8), Consultant Thirty days @ $ 22 per hour for engineers @ 25 for consultant 48000 Simulation and testing software (cloud SaaS), Consultant input Designers and Consultant Six days @ 50per hour for consultant @ 25 $ Civil engineers 28320 Final documentation preparation Administrator 2 days @ $ 14 per hour 3520 Miscellaneous (Communication, stationery, refreshments) 8000 Total for Bid Schedule for the preparation of the Bids References El-Sayegh, S. M., Mansour, M. H. (2015). Risk Assessment and Allocation in Highway Construction Projects in the UAE. Journal of Management in Engineering. 31, 04015004. Mahamid, I. (2011). Risk matrix for factors affecting time delay in road construction projects: owners' perspective. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 18, 609-617.

Preliminary Research Proposal

Question: Discuss about thePreliminary Research Proposal. Answer: Introduction Program: Master of Project Management MC 210; Year : 1st Semester 2016 Course: Research Design and Methods BUSM4420 Student Name and Number: Rostand Bongwa s3517641 Research Area: Software Development Methodologies Research Topic: A case study on the waterfall methodology and its relevance The product procedure that is most likely going to be utilized amid the improvement of the undertaking is the Waterfall Model. Its solid focuses lie in the way that it is consecutive, so there would be no disarray on the strides and the procedures are straight down- - no compelling reason to stress over such a large number of conditions while taking a shot at a task. Also, this kind of model tends to pack up on so much documentation. Along these lines, such has a tendency to be helpful for future code modifications and reference. This model accept the prerequisites to stay static amid the life of the venture, so there is next to zero shot of joining new changes to the product once work starts. In the event that progressions are attempted to be fused it prompts more perplexity and further postpones. The waterfall model is a consecutive programming advancement process. Taking after are the periods of waterfall model. Software development methodology is the process of dividing the development of a software or a project into several distinct phases which contain activities with the intention of improved planning and management. It is usually thought to be a subset of the life cycle of system development. This method can include pre defining specific artifacts and deliverables which are developed and finished by a team for the maintenance or development of an application. Several types of frameworks have been developed and have evolved over the course of time, each of them having their own strengths and weaknesses. It is not possible for one type of development methodology framework to be suited for every project. Each of the available frameworks which have been developed over the years is suited to specific types of projects based on various considerations of technology, organization and man power. Some of the most common methods include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development,spiral development,rapid application development,extreme programmingand different types ofagile methodology. There are mainly two different methodologies which are utilized in these processes. One is the Traditional methodology or what is called the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology. The other is the Agile approach of software development. The SDLC methodologies have distinct phases in their life cycle like the Waterfall methodology, while the Agile approaches have a method of iteration, wherein the processes of design, construction and deployment of different sub- sections can take place together. Throughout the years the waterfall model has dropped out of support by numerous product designing task supervisors in light of its absence of readiness and restrictions. More adaptable models have been created, for example, the spry system which is regular among PM's. The proposed examination is going explore whether the waterfall model is out of date and the reasons why it has dropped out of support because of its constraints and alternate choices that have to some degree "suppl anted" the model. This contextual investigation will have an organized procedure and methodology. Fig 1: The Onion Research Model Research philosophy: Our research philosophy is to determine whether the waterfall methodology which was traditionally used for developing software and handling projects is relevant today. Two main ontological frameworks can be utilised in the duration of the research process: The first one is positivism and the second one is constructionism (Monetteet al.2005). These frameworks can be described in different manners (for example empiricism, interpretivism) but essentially, the assumptions underlying the processes are basically similar (Bryman, 2012). Positivism works under the assumption that reality will exist independent of the object being studied. Practically speaking, in any case, this means say that the significance of wonders between subjects is to a great extent reliable (Newman, 1998). Interestingly, constructionism suggests that the fundamental idea of social wonders really in light of the fact that it is made by eyewitnesses (stlundet al. , 2011). This reasoning suggests that we can never assume that what we are watching can be translated similarly crosswise over different members and the most ideal methodology is to inspect contrasts in the respondents' understanding. Research Approaches: The following are the types of research approaches which can be followed. The Deductive Approach The deductive approach fundamentally build up the speculation upon a earlier hypothesis plus the discovery methodology is then planned so as to test it (Silverman, 2013). This methodology is most appropriate in circumstances wherein the exploration venture is based after analyzing whether the watched wonders will in the long run fit with the expectations which have been founded on past examination (Wiles et al., 2011). Because of this property, the deductive methodology can be chiefly apt to the positivist attitude, which takes into account the sketch of theory and the factual testing of projected that outcome would an accredited level of likelihood (SniederLarner, 2009). The Inductive Approach The inductive style is basically a shift from the fastidious to the common (Bryman Bell, 2011). In this methodology, perceptions are the premise for analysts wherein the information is moved through to search for examples (Beiske, 2007). There exists no system that advises the information assembly and the examination hub can in this manner be frame after the information has been collected in this procedure (Flick, 2011). Despite the fact that this may seem, by all accounts, to be the point where new speculations are conceived, it is likewise stands genuine that as the information is dissected can be comprehended to fit into another current hypothesis (Bryman Bell, 2011). This methodology is valuably used in subjective examination, where the nonattendance of hypothesis might be helpful in decreasing the potential for scientist predisposition in the underlying phases of information accumulation (Bryman Bell, 2011). This methodology, in any case, is likewise a solid match which can be utilized as a part of positivist approachs, where the information is broke down first and important examples shape the premise of results. The Quantitative Approach This methodology bargains basically with quantitative information (Flick, 2011). It comprises of a few acknowledged factual norms to demonstrate the legitimacy of the methodology, similar to the quantity of respondents required for the foundation of a measurably huge consequence(Goddard and Melville, 2004). In spite of the reality that this methodology is skilled by a positivist rationality, it can be used to examine a few different angles. The quantitative methodology is most productive where there are an expansive number of answerers available. Hence the information can be adequately measured by using quantitative systems, and factual strategies for examination. The Qualitative Approach The subjective methodology is essentially gotten from the constructivist worldview (Bryman Allen, 2011). This methodology basically require that the scientist ought to withhold from forcing their own recognition upon the respondent (Banister et al., 2011). The inevitable position is to examine how the respondents decipher their own existence (Bryman Allen, 2011). This displays the test of making a system that is cramped by the respondent instead of by the scientist. A powerful technique to accomplish this is by taking meetings, where the reaction can be open (Feilzer, 2010). Subjective exploration is normally utilized for inspecting the significance of social marvels, as opposed to looking for a causative relationship since there are no characterized variables (Feilzer, 2010). Research Strategy The exploration procedure basically manages how the analyst means to do the work (Saunders et al., 2007). The exploration technique may incorporate a few changing methodologies like test examination, activity research, contextual investigation research, interviews, studies, or an orderly writing audit. Test exploration is the methodology of assembly an examination procedure that look at the cost of a test beside the ordinary results (Saunders et al., 2007). It stands valid in every aspect of examination, and for the most part include the attention of a usually set number of elements (Saunders et al., 2007). The affiliation among the variables are examined, and contrasted with the what the normal results of the assessment were Activity exploration is fundamentally a useful means to pact with taking care of scrupulous examination issues within a group of observe (Bryman, 2012). It involves inspecting practice to set up that the finest advance is correspondingly comparable. It generally includes intelligent practice, which as a rule is a precise procedure using which the expert practice and familiarity of the specialists can be surveyed. This type of examination is normal in callings like instructing or nursing, where the specialist can evaluate the distinctive approaches to improve their specialist advance and understanding (Wiles et al., 2011). Contextual investigation is the appraisal of a private unit with the expectation of setting up the key components and drawing speculation (Bryman, 2012). It offers an considerate into the meticulous way of any illustration, and therefore build up the implication of civilization and setting in contrast between cases (Silverman, 2013). This investigation technique is compelling in budgetary inspection. Decisions The decisions which are accessible in the exploration onion integrate the mono strategy, the blended practice, and the multi-technique (Saunders et al., 2007). Mono strategy: It includes utilizing one exploration approach for the study, which is apparent from the name itself. Blended strategy: It require the utilization of two or more strategies for exploration, which generally suggests that subjective and quantitative philosophies must be utilized. Multi-strategy: In multi technique, a more extensive choice of strategies must be utilized (Bryman, 2012). The fundamental variety in the blended and the multi-strategy is that the blended technique is the aftereffect of a joined approach which results in the production of a solitary dataset (Flick, 2011). In the multi-strategy approach the exploration is isolated into dissimilar sections, where every fragment produces a particular dataset; wherein each dataset is broke down utilizing procedures got from either qualitativeor quantitative strategies (Feilzer, 2010). Time Horizons The Time Horizon is the evaluated time within which the chore is required to achieve culmination (Saunders et al., 2007). Two sorts of time skylines are permitted to be utilized within the assessment onion: the cross sectional and the longitudinal (Bryman, 2012). The cross sectional time skyline is a skyline which has been as of now settled, and just the information must be fetched. This is called as "preview" time accumulation, wherein information is collected at one point in time(Flick, 2011). It is basically used in examinations which are worried with the examination of a explicit spectacle in a state of time. The longitudinal time skyline for information accretion implies that the assembly of information must be performed more than once over a developed timeframe, and is utilized where a critical part of the exploration is to see the varieties in an undertaking over a timeframe (Goddard and Melville, 2004). This permits the investigation of progress and advancement. The time skyline which is chosen for a venture does not rely on upon a particular examination methodology or approach (Saunders et al., 2007). Information Collection and Analysis Information gathering and investigation relies on the methodological methodology utilized (Bryman, 2012). The procedure chose at this phase pses a huge commitment to the general unwavering quality and legitimacy of the study(Saunders et al., 2007). Regardless of the used advance, the kind of information collected can be isolated into two sorts: essential information and optional information. The Primary Data Essential information is what is gotten from straight source. This can be express sources got from verifiable archives, or the information which is gotten from the respondents in overview or meeting information (Bryman, 2012). Information got from the analysis or study is not as a matter of course essential information the information got from a measurable collection like statistics constitutes essential information. In like manner, information which has been sourced from different assets likewise can be termed as vital information (Flick, 2011). Vital information is finest comprehend as the information that is being bust down, regardless of the source from where it was obtained. Optional Data Optional information is what is gotten from the work or conclusions of different scientists (Newman, 1998). The decision of an exploration object can comprise voluntary information since it is fundamentally data that was handled by another person. So also, investigations of measurable reviews or other information can be termed auxiliary information (Kothari, 2004). The quantity to which information is characterized is restricted by its employment, as divergent to the intrinsic way of the information itself(Flick, 2011). Research Design Research design is basically a explanation of how the examine method is expected to be performed. It is basically a skeleton which explains the reasons and the requirements that caused the adoption of a specific methodology, how the selection of respondents was performed, and how the analysis of data will be done (Flick, 2011). Several different research designs exist. They are called descriptive, explanatory, and the exploratory. The descriptive design basically reflects the experiences of respondents who participated in the study. It is closely related to ethnographic studies, but is also appropriate for use in a quantitative framework. The explanatory design essentially focuses on the effective explanation of population characteristics or social phenomenon observed at a point in time. It appears to be effective in a quantitative framework wherein the influences of variables on each other can be properly recognized (Kothari, 2004). The exploratory study is basically the exploration of an issue which occurs before there is sufficient knowledge to perform a formulaic research project. It is typically used in order to further research in a subject area (Neuman, 2003). Samples An example is a fragment which is illustrative of a bigger populace (Bryman, 2012). At the point when quantitative exploration is done, the specimen size and how it is chosen is utilized to build up the unwavering quality of the consequences of the study. With regards to subjective examination, in any case, the specimen attributes are still imperative, however littler examples are utilized. Test Size The term test size shows the quantity of respondents who are chosen from the populace that are utilize as a part of the examination (Newman, 1998). With regards to quantitative exploration, the span of the example is a fundamental necessity in settling on the dependability of the outcomes got in a study. Much of the time, bigger example sizesgreatly enhance the unwavering quality of the outcomes (Flick, 2011). On account of subjective examination, size of the example is less essential, and idea of representativeness is not an extremely solid rule to legitimize legitimacy of the exploration. Testing Techniques Testing strategies are the techniques in which proper specimen size is acquired or settled on for the study (Bryman, 2012). There are a few acknowledged systems that can be utilized. An arbitrary specimen demonstrates people inside a bigger populace picked haphazardly. Be that as it may, this outcomes in irregular dispersion, which can suggest critical skewing because of the arbitrary way of test choice (Neuman, 2003). For instance, in a specific study, an arbitrary specimen may bring about the derivation that more guys are spoken to in an example where the dispersion ought to hypothetically be equivalent, or it might bring about unequal dissemination crosswise over different ages. In such cases, test may grew such that it is guaranteed that the delegates of the populace in the example mirror the huge demographics of the more extensive populace, perhaps to ensure that the demographic qualities of age and sexual orientation are reflected appropriately in the chose test (Newman, 1998). A comfort test implies where the example is gotten from inside a current system, for example, a school, school or college, when the courses in which respondents can be enlisted is nearly clear. This strategy is esteemed fitting if there is a study that is worried with the perspectives of understudies or offspring of a specific age bunch. The above points with regards to research methods will be kept in mind while working on this research to ensure that the standards of quality research are met and that there is no bias involved in reaching the conclusion of this study. These guidelines ensure that the research is properly conducted, analyzed and presented to increase the value it provides to the scientific world at large. Proposed Research title Project title: A case study on the waterfall methodology and its relevance Working title: Is the waterfall process still important to software development life cycle model. Key Information search words: 1. Understating software development life cycles Problems with the waterfall model The pros and cons of waterfall methodology The alternatives to the waterfall model Review of Literature Industry Problem: The waterfall model is an ordered programming improvement process, in which advance is seen as streaming downwards like a waterfall, the model was initially presented by Herbert D. Bennington in June 1952. However, the first formal description of this model was cited to an article published by Winston Royce in 1970, though he did not explicitly use the name. The basic skeletal structure was defined thus by Royce: The project is divided sequentially into phases with some degree of overlap and splash back Emphasis was placed on planning, timing of schedules, targets, budget and implementation of the whole system in one go. Maintenance of control via extensive documentation, reviews, approvals by in- charge authorities etc. Iteration is done by first creating the prototype and then the actual system. The modern waterfall method follows almost all the above steps except for iteration because it results in waste of resources and is not conducive to win projects. The modern waterfall method in Software Engineering essentially contains the following phases: Engineering essentially contains the following phases: Fig 2: The Waterfall Methodology Requirement Analysis : All the desired requirements of the system are captured in the products requirement document and results in schema and models Software Design: The requirement specifications are studied and the design of the system is developed. This helps in specifying and deciding upon hardware and system requirements and defines the system architecture on the whole. Implementation: Taking inputs from the system design process, the system is initially developed in small bits of programs called units, which are then integrated in later phases. Testing: Every developed unit is tested extensively to determine any faults or failures. Integration: Once the testing has been performed satisfactorily, the units are integrated into the system and tested again as a whole. Deployment: Once the testing has been performed satisfactorily, the product is deployed Maintenance: To sort out the issues which arise later, patches or better versions are periodically released which again follow the above process. Applications of the Waterfall Model: Every software is differently managed and a suitable SDLC method is defined based on several internal and external factors. Similarly, there are some situations for which the Waterfall model is highly appropriate- Situations where the requirements are very well documented, clearly defined and are fixed from the initial stages with no possibility of changing. Situations where the product definition is fixed and stable. Situations where the technology to be used has been extensively studied, used and is extremely well understood, while at the same time is not at all dynamic. Situations where there is no ambiguity at all in the requirements. Situations where the resources are not a limiting factor and the technical expertise is available to provide support for the product. Situations wherein the project is short and is not going to require exhaustive features. However, from the above conditions, it is easy to see why the waterfall model is a failure most of the times. Nowadays, almost every project is large, is dynamic and the requirements are usually not frozen before- hand. Also, people try to get the job done with minima possible resources and the waterfall method requires that resources be set aside for a long period of time. Any complex projected, therefore cannot be performed or completed using the waterfall methodology. Also, this methodology is inherently time and labour intensive which is evident from the flow of the methodology. We shall still attempt to study the pros and cons of this methodology. Advantages: The waterfall methodology is very simple to understand and easy to use. It is pretty easy to manage, given the rigidity of the model. Where there is no scope for flexibility, unforseen issues do not usually arise. Every phase has specific deliverables which reduces mistakes to a small limit, thereby improving scalability. It allows for efficient compartmentalisation and control due to reduced overlaps of responsibilities. Hence it is easy to assign responsibilities and improve answerability. The phases of development are fixed and can be assigned a fixed timeframe without any fear of over shooting the deadline. Each phase progresses in a fixed order from the beginning to the end. There are no distractions. It works comparatively well for smaller projects where the requirements are easy to understand. The process and expected results are properly understood. Disadvantages: The waterfall model does not allow for the very important process of revision or reflection. If something is not well documented, it becomes very difficult to go back from the testing stage and change a particular thing. If a particular feature is not well thought out or understood, there is a very high possibility of error and that cannot be remedied until an iteration is made resulting in considerable wastage of resources. A working software cannot be obtained until very late in the project life cycle. There is an undue amount of uncertainty and risk involved in the project It is not a good model when it comes to object oriented or complex and complicated projects Long projects or ongoing projects suffer a lot in this methodology. If the requirements of a project are at a moderate or high risk of changing during th project development phase, then this model is definitely unsuitable since one major change can jeopardise the whole project. The measure of the progress of the project is difficult to anticipate within stages. It cannot accommodate for changing or variable requirements Changing or even minutely adjusting the scope of the project during its life cycle can result in the project ending. It is extremely difficult to identify business or technological bottlenecks in the early stages since the implementation is all done in one go. Conclusion: From the above data, it is quite comprehensively understood that the waterfall model is only suitable in extremely rigid conditions which are mostly theoretical, since in todays world of rapidly changing technology, such conditions are hard to manufacture of find. Added to that, the difficulty in implementing large, ongoing or difficult projects along with the resource intensive nature of this methodology, it is quite obvious that this methodology is not regarded favourably by most developers. Even for the clients, this process is not favourable since if the project requirement changes even minutely, the cost escalates along with the time period involved in the project completion and causes severe losses. When the lack of preparation time with regards to business bottlenecks is introduced to the mix, it becomes very difficult to advocate the usage of this methodology for any project of even modest importance. Hence it can be concluded for most realistic and real world projects, the waterfall methodology is irrelevant, except in very rare cases. REFERENCES: Banister, P., Bunn, G., Burman, E., Daniels, J. (2011).Qualitative Methods In Psychology: A Research Guide. London: McGraw-Hill International. Beiske, B. (2007).Research Methods: Uses and limitations of questionnaires, interviews and case studies, Munich: GRIN Verlag. Bryman, A. (2012).Social research methods(5thed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryman, A., Allen, T. (2011).Education Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2011).Business Research Methods(3rded.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Feilzer, M. Y. (2010). Doing mixed methods research pragmatically: Implications for the rediscovery of pragmatism as a research paradigm.Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4(1), pp.6-16. Flick, U. (2011).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. London: Sage. Goddard, W. Melville, S. (2004).Research Methodology: An Introduction, (2nded.) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. GraigLarman (2004) Agile and iterative development A mangers guide, pp 550560 Gulati, P. M. (2009).Research Management: Fundamental and Applied Research, New Delhi: Global India Productions. InstitutNumerique, (2012). Research Methodology,https://www.institut-numerique.org/chapter-3-research-methodology-4ffbd6e5e3391[retrieved 3rd October, 2014]. Kothari, C. R. (2004).Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International. May, T. (2011).Social research: Issues, methods and research. London: McGraw-Hill International. Mehdi Khosrcowpour (2000) Challenges on information technology management in the 21st century information resource management association international conference, pp1-10 Monette, D.R., Sullivan, T. J., DeJong, C. R. (2005).Applied Social Research: A Tool for the Human Services, (6thed.), London: Brooks Publishing. Neuman, W. L. (2003).Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, London: Allyn Bacon. Newman, I. (1998).Qualitative-quantitative research methodology: Exploring the interactive continuum. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. stlund, U., Kidd, L., Wengstrm, Y., Rowa-Dewar, N. (2011).Combining qualitative and quantitative research within mixed method research designs: a methodological review.International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(3), pp. 369-383. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, N. P. (2012).Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it.Annual Review of Psychology, 63, pp.539-569. Rowley, J. (2012). Conducting research interviews.Management Research Review, 35(3), pp.260-271. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2007).Research Methods for Business Students, (6thed.) London: Pearson. Silverman, D. (2013).Doing Qualitative Research: A practical handbook. London: Sage. Snieder R. Larner, K. (2009).The Art of Being a Scientist: A Guide for Graduate Students and their Mentors, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wiles, R., Crow, G., Pain, H. (2011). Innovation in qualitative research methods: a narrative review.Qualitative Research, 11(5), pp.587-604.

Isolated By the Internet Essay Example

Isolated By the Internet Essay Becoming one of few highly regarded people having great contribution to the establishment of the Internet, Clifford Stool an astronomer and computer expert, became highly skeptical of the internet and its beneficial or perilous effect on its consumer. He clearly states throughout the passage his views on internet use becoming hazardous to its users, making his argument by displaying multiple examples of social disconnection of obsessive internet users. Renowned psychologists Robert Karat and Vicki Landmark performed several extensive experiments on various people, measuring deep psychological effects of ever Internet use. From the collected data, on average they found that relationships do have the potential to cultivate online, but to a certain extent. According to Karat and Landmark. Bonds were easily broken friendships with occasional communication, bonds on the other hand were strong relationships with common daily communication. Most of the connections made online, remained as connections and rarely became connections. They also found out that the more time spent on the Internet, the number of relationships were more likely to increase and in return social relationships were bound o decline. A major reason as to why the internet became so popular was that it provided much people with the ability to create another identity of themselves. It offered an alter-ego, a personality that a certain person could have never achieved in real life. This provided a sense of self-esteem for these people. Although they can become this confident person online, they are still the same person they always were in real life. To become confident or to obtain a new identity, the only way is to have real life social interactions. Most obsessive internet users, are found to lack ajar social interaction skills and are very shy around other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated By the Internet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated By the Internet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated By the Internet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Online interactions are not in the same category as social Interactions, many online users see the difference and consider the Internet as their reality. Nowadays we still see visibly negative effects of Internet use and the overall effect it has on social life. According to Time Magazine as of September 2007 around 200 million people in the U. S. Have a Namespace. Population-302. 2 million) Of those people more than 70% check it daily and spend at least 2 hours online. From my viewpoint not only is this harmful to users physically UT mentally as well. I personally know many people that are able to stay online for hours, within a short amount of time you clearly see a change In their personality. Online everything seems fine, but the more you hang out with these obsessive computer users, you sense a certain distance and eventually you just rather not hang out with them. Eventually these people start to lose their friends and eventually their entire social life. At this point they find the internet most intriguing, being that it is the only place where they can actually have a social life they take advantage of it. They create these that they accept as a substitute for reality. I malt I myself nave a Namespace, Ana I can see now Intentions tons wedding can become. Fortunately for me my mom has restrictions on the hours I can be on the computer. My cousin on the other hand never leaves her room only for going to school and dinner. She has entirely disconnected herself from society. I believe this all started after her minute weight gain and her break up with her boyfriend. She was really depressed and I remember her telling me she found solitude, and other people that understood her online. She has relied completely on the internet to make her happy. It started as Just something to console her, but it turned out to be something that would damage her even more so. I strongly agree with Judgment stating that the internet does have a negative effect on its users. Once someone has relied so much on something its hard to have your life readjusted without it. All these obsessive computer users are trapped in a fantasy, and the deeper the fantasy that you are in, the farther from reality you become.

The Importance of Life Experience Essay

The Importance of Life Experience EssayOne of the most difficult essay topics for students is how to create a life experience essay. This is because of the uniqueness of this topic. Most students are not comfortable writing about their life experiences because they may relate them to a specific situation or to some sort of genre.In order to be able to write an essay that is unique and focused on you and your own life, you need to utilize more sources and examples than what you have in your syllabus. You also need to be creative with the formatting of your essay and select a topic that is able to give your information a compelling presentation.There are many places to find more samples of life experience essays. Some of the easiest to access are a) college or university library b) the internet c) your favorite search engine is) online bookstores. Each of these resources is beneficial to you because you will be able to learn different types of essays that are unique to this topic.You c an also take advantage of your essay topic by following one of the most common forms. These essays are typically organized around a central theme that often comes from the entire essay. Most will take the form of a narrative and are generally longer than any other essay that you may write.If you are looking for a life experience essay, you should be aware that many students that start out by writing a 'life story' never finish the project. The problem is that most students do not realize how short each experience is. Life experience is generally a small number of incidents that last from days to years.Students that begin with an experience that is a little over a year long tend to lose sight of the importance of this element. After a year or two, they start to notice that the experience is starting to weigh on them and influence their daily life. They might be having difficulty sleeping or eating, becoming too stressed, or experiencing self-consciousness at all times.The best way to avoid this is to plan your experience the first time that you go into it. If it is a year's worth of experiences, for example, you should divide the life by twelve or even thirty-two. While you can always add an additional semester to the life experience, the first experience will provide you with a perfect starting point.If you are not sure how to write a life experience essay, try searching for other students who have written one to get some input. You will be surprised how much they already know about writing one. Since so many people have struggled with writing about this topic, you will be able to avoid the common pitfalls and improve your essay.

Quotes for Thanking a Special Teacher

Quotes for Thanking a Special Teacher Just about everyone remembers some teachers more than others, and maybe one above all, who made an impact on not just what you learned, but who you are. Whether you see your favorite teacher every day or youve been out of school for many years, that teacher would for sure love to hear from you and know she is making or has made a contribution to your life. So go ahead, make a contribution to her life that is the verbal equivalent of an apple for your teacher. These quotes provide some inspiration, and at least one will fit the bill for your teacher and you.   Quotes for a Special Teacher Maya AngelouWhen you learn, teach. When you get, give. William Arthur WardFeeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it. Dan RatherThe dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the next plateau, sometimes poking you with a sharp stick called truth. Alexander the GreatI am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well. David O. McKayThankfulness is the beginning of gratitude. Gratitude is the completion of thankfulness. Thankfulness may consist merely of words. Gratitude is shown in acts. Henry AdamsA teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. Thornton WilderWe can only be said to be alive in those moments when our hearts are conscious of our treasures. Carl JungOne looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers, but with gratitude to those who touched our human feelings. The curriculum is so much necessary raw material, but warmth is the vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child. Charles KuraltGood teachers know how to bring out the best in students. Benjamin DisraeliI feel a very unusual sensation if it is not indigestion, I think it must be gratitude. Colleen WilcoxTeaching is the greatest act of optimism. Albert SchweitzerWe should all be thankful for those people who rekindle the inner spirit. Charles DickensNo one is useless in this world who lightens the burden of another. Marcel ProustLet us be grateful to people who make us happy; they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom. Victor HugoHe who opens a school door closes a prison. Marva CollinsThe good teacher makes the poor student good and the good student superior. William Arthur WardThe mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains.The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. Albert EinsteinIt is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge. Christa McAuliffe I touch the future. I teach.

Antiseptics and disinfectants

The higher the concentration of antiseptic, the more powerful it will be at inhibiting/ killing microorganisms which cause bacterial growth. † This theory supports my result because as you can see the zone of inhibition increases due to the increasing concentration of antiseptic. The higher concentration of antiseptic means it has been less diluted, which means its more stronger than other more diluted concentrations, this high concentration will determine how powerful the antiseptic will be at killing/inhibiting the growth of bacterium, this high concentration of antiseptic will break down the bacterial cell wall, after this process has happened the antiseptic can stop the mutation of the bacteria and inhibit the growth of the bacteria or kill the bacteria. As you can see from my results the higher amount of antiseptic agent present in the ajar jelly, the more powerful it will be at destroying the bacterial cell wall, that is why with the increasing concentration of antiseptic the zone of inhibition increases because the high dose of concentration is attacking the bacteria, hence inhibiting a larger zone of inhibition. On the other hand decreasing the concentration of antiseptic reduces the effect of destroying the bacterium; the weaker the concentration is the less powerful it is at attacking the cell wall of the bacteria. As you can see from my results at the point of 10 percent concentration the smallest zone of inhibition is present this is because the weaker concentration wasn’t strong enough to attack enough of the bacteria in the ajar jelly, so a smaller zone of inhibition became present. During incubation, the chemical diffuses from the disk containing the agent into the surrounding agar; my weaker concentration also wasn’t able to diffuse as well as a higher concentration. Another factor is that my higher concentration wasn’t diluted as much as much as my lower concentration, which means that the water neutralised some of the powerful chemicals in the lower concentration of antiseptic, which were lethal for destroying some of the bacterial agents. 6a) Use of the proper concentration of a disinfectant is important to Achieve the best results for each situation. Some products will have different dilutions Depending on the desired use of the product. Although some Disinfectants may be more efficacious at higher concentrations, However, over-dilution of a product may render the disinfectant ineffective to the target of destroying the Microorganisms. The product label will list the best concentration to use for each situation. Be sure to consider any standing water or other water sources (i. e. , rainfall) in the area as a Potential dilution source for a disinfectant. Antiseptics are more suitable for cleaning hands rather than disinfectants because disinfectants are meant to destroy microorganisms which can infect non-living objects, whilst antiseptics are used on living tissues and cells to destroy any type of infections or sepsis which may be living on the tissue, that is why antiseptics are used in hand sanitizers to clean hands rather than disinfectants. Some people differ between using antibiotics or antiseptics for hand washing, antibiotics and antiseptics are both chemicals that prevent the growth and development of bacteria, but antibiotics are effective only again bacteria whilst antiseptics act on a wide range of microorganisms, making antiseptics more suitable for hand sanitizers. Antiseptics are chemical agents that slow or stop the growth of micro-organisms (germs) on external surfaces of the body, that is why they are suitable to use on the skin as they are designed for that pacific reason to stop bacterial growth or any other microorganisms from spreading or causing infection on the skin and external surfaces on the body. Antiseptics should be distinguished from antibiotics that destroy micro-organisms inside the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy micro-organisms found on inanimate (non-living) objects. Antibiotics and disinfectant are designed for other reasons as you can see and contain some different chemical agents that maybe harsh on the human skin so that is why disinfectants and antibiotics may not be suitable on the skin.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 115

Essay Example Armstrong on the other hand would no longer challenge the USADA decision finding USADA’s investigation dismissing it as a â€Å"witch hunt† that is bent on convicting him without any physical evidence. Armstrong denied that he ever took banned substances in his career (Associated Press). This decision of USADA to strip Armstrong of his titles and ban him from the sport for life is not only wrong but also excessive. It can be likened to a death penalty (Zimmerman) of which Armstrong is undeserved. It is based on onerous and unreasonable proceedings t that even the United States District Court indicated the troubling aspect of the case and indicated â€Å"the deficiency of USADA’s charging document is of serious constitutional concern† (2012 WL 3569682). It is important to state that the prosecution of USADA against Armstrong is based on â€Å"non-analytical positive† or from witness testimony and not from the presentation of concrete, scientific laboratory results. Armstrong was right when he commented that USADA convicted him without any physical evidence. To back up that comment, it has to be noted that Armstrong never tested positive to over 500 tests he was subjected to during his active career. Worst, the use of â€Å"analytical non-positive† proceeding to convict Armstrong that requires the testimony of a witness was tainted with corruption making the ground of his conviction to be doubtful if not illegal. It could be argued that there are numbers of witness who testified against Armstrong that justified the conviction. But the manner of which those testimonies were obtained or extracted automatically removes the credibility of such witnesses and making it unfit to be used as evidence in the court of law. An agency cannot break the federal bribery law just to convict anyone. Thus, the evidence used against Armstrong can be dismissed not only as hearsays but also illegal that could nullify the charges hurled

The Circulatory System and It's Importance Essay

The Circulatory System and It's Importance - Essay Example Because of what it does for man, the circulatory system can also be considered the most important one. Without the circulatory system, man will not be able to live. People usually associate the circulatory system with blood and they are not mistaken. In the most basic sense, the job of the circulatory system is to ensure that blood moves around inside man’s body, supplying the nutrients needed in order for all the parts of the body to function properly. While the blood carries the oxygen and nutrients to the body, it also collects the carbon dioxide from the same. If there is no proper flow of blood, the organs in the body will not be able to function well. The circulatory system can be divided into three parts: pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation and systemic circulation. The heart, lungs and bloods vessels are the major organs in each of these parts. Each individual part has its own unique process of blood circulation. â€Å"The successful circulation of each part r esults to an efficient distribution of blood throughout the body.† (Body) The heart The central organ in the circulatory process is the heart. Composed of four chambers that are divided by a wall, this muscle pushes 2,000 gallons of blood containing oxygen and nutrients into the body. (Dowshen) The heart sends the blood out through its pumping motion. â€Å"It beats about 100,000 times a day, more than 30 million times per year, and about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime (Dowshen).† The speed of the heart’s pumps depends on the kind of activity the body does. It pumps slower when the body is at rest and faster when the body is in motion. This is because man uses up more energy when immersed in activity. Energy comes from oxygen and oxygen comes from blood. The source of oxygen-rich blood is the heart. The four chambers of the heart can be grouped into two; namely, the upper and lower. The upper chamber or left and right atria receive the blood which has pa ssed through the different organs in the body. On the other hand, the heart releases the blood to be used from the lower chamber or left and right ventricles. Two cardiac valves separate the bottom part of the heart from the blood vessels that allow blood to the rest of the body. The pulmonic valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery which goes to the lungs. The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta. The heart also has two major arteries which in turn gives blood to the heart. The right coronary artery allows blood into the right atrium, right ventricle and the bottom part of the right and left ventricle. In contrast, the left coronary artery pumps blood to the left atrium and the left ventricle. Because of the heart’s function in supplying blood, it can be said that the heart is the most important organ in the circulatory system. The blood vessels Blood moves around the body through three groups of blood vessels. Aside from those which deliver and release blood to and from the heart, there are also blood vessels responsible for distributing blood throughout the body and bringing blood back to the heart. The first group of blood vessels can be found in the heart. When leaving the heart, blood flows through two arteries. The aorta is the thickest blood vessel and carries blood with oxygen to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery, on the other hand, delivers blood to the lungs which converts oxygen-poor blood into oxygen-rich blood for the body to use. The second group of blood ve

The Things They Carried Essay -- Literary Analysis, History

Joy Kogawa and Tim O’Brien: two authors that have wielded their mastery of the English language to yield literary masterpieces that reflect not only their own struggles, but the hardships of multitudes around them. In her acclaimed Obasan, Joy Kogawa illustrates the intense discrimination that was faced by Japanese-Canadians during World War 2, and provides many reflective anecdotes to give the reader some insight on her personal situation. Tim O’Brien accomplishes basically the same goal in The Things They Carried by giving the reader many brief stories about his time in the Vietnam War. These two books- though incredibly different on the surface - share a plethora of themes and symbology, as well as many similar events. They do not, however, emphasize or present these ideas in the same way. Each of these authors has a unique way of incorporating their own themes or values into their writing, which gives the reader an entirely different view of what may be happeni ng. The brain is an amazing thing. It allows us to think, blink, walk and talk; it enables us to run, hide, seek, and stride; but most importantly, it allows us to remember. Neither literary work takes a firm stance on their opinion of memories, as both have many different characters with many different opinions. Naomi views and even loosely mirrors Obasan’s opinions on memory; that the past be left to the past and the future will bear what is to come (65 Kogawa). This â€Å"Ashes to Ashes† stance is mirrored by Rat Kiley in The Things They Carried (SparkNotes Editors). Though Obasan has a much tougher exterior and is able to keep her composure, they are both haunted by cruel memories that they are trying to suppress. Rat, however, doesn’t have as much luck as ... ...n previously expected. Things aren’t always what they seem; a concept that applies to the characters themselves. Obasan is more than just a wrinkled old lady, just as Rat Kiley is more than just an infantry soldier. Don’t judge a book by its cover, and don’t jump to conclusions; everyone is different. Take some time to find out and get to know someone, and you might just be surprised by The Things They Carried. Works Cited SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Obasan.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Things They Carried.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. Kogawa, Joy. Obasan. 1981. New York: First Anchor, 1994. Print. The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. Feb. 22 2012. O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1990. Print.